Cost shifting. Publishers used to cover permission fees. Now authors must do so. Publishers used to edit, and all an author needed to do was provide a fairly clean typescript. Now they want everything camera-ready in PDF format with all the major editing already done . . . by the author. Publishers used to promote books. Now authors have to promote their own, and in many cases supply a promotion plan along with the manuscript in order to even be considered for publication. And we have no recourse except self- or online publishing.